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Dr. Walaa El Khawas
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How to understand Hashimoto's disease?

 Hashimoto's disease is an autoimmune disorder. The thyroid cells are attacked by antibodies produced by the immune system, which treats them as germs, viruses, or other foreign substances. The thyroid develops an accumulation of white blood cells called lymphocytes, which are a component of the immune system. The antibodies that trigger the autoimmune process are produced by lymphocytes.

 

What causes Hashimoto’s disease?

  The most likely cause of the problem is:

  • Hereditary factors.
  • Environmental factors example viruses, stress, or radiation.

 

what are the signs and symptoms of the disease?

 Many people with Hashimoto's illness initially show no symptoms. Your thyroid is harmed by Hashimoto's disease. The majority of those who have Hashimoto's disease become hypothyroid. Rarely, early in the course of the disease, thyroid damage may cause the release of excessive amounts of thyroid hormone into your blood, resulting in hyperthyroidism symptoms. The thyroid may also enlarge and cause a goiter; however, after many years, or even decades, thyroid damage causes the thyroid to shrink and the goiter to go away.

Several typical signs of hypothyroidism include:

  • Fatigue.
  • Gaining weight.
  • Difficulty enduring cold.
  • Muscle and joint ache.
  • Constipation.
  • Dry skin or thinning hair.
  • Heavy or irregular menstruation cycles or problems. becoming pregnant.
  • Reduced heartbeat.

 

Who is at risk for Hashimoto’s disease?

  • Women.
  • Middle-aged people.
  • Genetic factors in the family.
  • People with autoimmune disease.

 

How is it diagnosed?

 The doctor will examine you physically and will ask about your medical history. Additional tests will be blood tests. These can measure your thyroid hormone levels and check for some thyroid antibodies.

How do doctors treat such a disease?

 Treatment usually depends on whether your thyroid is damaged enough to cause hypothyroidism. If you don’t have hypothyroidism, your doctor may choose to simply monitor you to see if your condition gets worse.

 The suggested method of treating hypothyroidism uses the drug levothyroxine, which is chemically equivalent to the natural thyroid hormone thyroxine.

 

Can a suitable diet affect Hashimoto’s disease?

 

Food to avoid:

  • Eating foods high in iodine, such as seaweed, as well as taking some iodine-rich medications, may cause or worsen hypothyroidism.
  • Avoid eating any grains, legumes, nightshades (including peppers and eggplant), dairy, eggs, coffee, alcohol, sugar, salt, or other food additives.

 

Food to eat:

  • Vitamin D is found in salmon and sardines.
  • Selenium is found in chicken and fish.
  • Biotin is found in sweet potatoes.
  • Iron can be found in meat and oysters.
  • Zinc can be found in mushrooms.
  • Spices, fatty fish, fruits, vegetables, and spices are just a few foods that have potent anti-inflammatory qualities.

 

 Finally, the illness progresses very slowly that it could take months or even years to be discovered. However, if you were diagnosed with Hashimoto’s disease you do not have to worry about it if you monitor your symptoms with a doctor carefully.

 

References:

https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/hashimotos-disease

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/hashimotos-thyroiditis

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/thyroiditis/

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